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Forces and Motion 2

Passage

Forces and motion are fundamental concepts in physics. A force is a push or pull that can cause an object to move, stop, or change direction. Motion refers to the change in position of an object over time. Isaac Newton?s laws of motion describe how forces affect objects. The first law states that an object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force. The second law connects force, mass, and acceleration (F=ma). The third law says every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Friction, gravity, and air resistance are all forces that impact motion. For instance, gravity pulls objects toward the Earth, while friction slows them down. Understanding forces and motion helps explain how cars move, planes fly, and why we wear seatbelts.

Key Points
Newton?s First Law is also called the Law of Inertia.
Force is measured in newtons (N).
Gravity causes objects to fall toward Earth.
Friction acts against motion.
Air resistance increases with speed.
Weight is a force caused by gravity.
Mass stays the same, weight changes with gravity.
The third law explains how rockets launch.
Motion needs a reference point.
Speed is distance over time.
Acceleration is change in velocity.
Deceleration is negative acceleration.
Balanced forces mean no change in motion.
Unbalanced forces cause acceleration.
Tension is a pulling force in a rope or string.
Compression pushes objects together.
The force of friction can generate heat.
Gravity keeps planets in orbit.
Applied force is when you physically push or pull something.
Static friction keeps objects at rest.
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